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2025-04-05 更新
Envisioning Beyond the Pixels: Benchmarking Reasoning-Informed Visual Editing
Authors:Xiangyu Zhao, Peiyuan Zhang, Kexian Tang, Hao Li, Zicheng Zhang, Guangtao Zhai, Junchi Yan, Hua Yang, Xue Yang, Haodong Duan
Large Multi-modality Models (LMMs) have made significant progress in visual understanding and generation, but they still face challenges in General Visual Editing, particularly in following complex instructions, preserving appearance consistency, and supporting flexible input formats. To address this gap, we introduce RISEBench, the first benchmark for evaluating Reasoning-Informed viSual Editing (RISE). RISEBench focuses on four key reasoning types: Temporal, Causal, Spatial, and Logical Reasoning. We curate high-quality test cases for each category and propose an evaluation framework that assesses Instruction Reasoning, Appearance Consistency, and Visual Plausibility with both human judges and an LMM-as-a-judge approach. Our experiments reveal that while GPT-4o-Native significantly outperforms other open-source and proprietary models, even this state-of-the-art system struggles with logical reasoning tasks, highlighting an area that remains underexplored. As an initial effort, RISEBench aims to provide foundational insights into reasoning-aware visual editing and to catalyze future research. Though still in its early stages, we are committed to continuously expanding and refining the benchmark to support more comprehensive, reliable, and scalable evaluations of next-generation multimodal systems. Our code and data will be released at https://github.com/PhoenixZ810/RISEBench.
多模态大型模型(LMMs)在视觉理解和生成方面取得了显著进展,但在通用视觉编辑方面仍面临挑战,特别是在遵循复杂指令、保持外观一致性和支持灵活输入格式方面。为了解决这一差距,我们引入了RISEBench,这是第一个用于评估推理驱动视觉编辑(RISE)的基准测试。RISEBench专注于四种关键推理类型:时间推理、因果推理、空间推理和逻辑推理。我们为每一类别策划了高质量的测试用例,并提出了一个评估框架,该框架通过人类评委和LMM-as-a-judge方法评估指令推理、外观一致性和视觉可行性。我们的实验表明,GPT-4o-Native显著优于其他开源和专有模型,但即使是这一最先进的系统在逻辑推理任务上也遇到困难,这凸显了一个仍然未被充分探索的领域。作为初步尝试,RISEBench旨在提供对推理感知视觉编辑的基础见解,并催化未来的研究。尽管仍处于早期阶段,我们致力于不断扩展和精炼这一基准测试,以支持对下一代多模态系统进行更全面、可靠和可扩展的评估。我们的代码和数据将在https://github.com/PhoenixZ8t0/RISEBench上发布。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 27 pages, 23 figures, 1 table. Technical Report
Summary
大型多模态模型(LMMs)在视觉理解和生成方面取得了显著进展,但在通用视觉编辑方面仍面临挑战,特别是在遵循复杂指令、保持外观一致性和支持灵活输入格式方面。为解决这一差距,我们推出了RISEBench,这是首个针对推理辅助视觉编辑(RISE)的评估基准。RISEBench专注于四种关键推理类型:时间推理、因果推理、空间推理和逻辑推理。我们为每个类别策划了高质量的测试用例,并提出了一个评估框架,该框架通过人类评委和LMM-as-a-judge的方法评估指令推理、外观一致性和视觉可信度。我们的实验表明,GPT-4o-Native虽然显著优于其他开源和专有模型,但在逻辑推理任务方面仍存在困难,这凸显了一个仍然被忽视的领域。作为初步尝试,RISEBench旨在为推理感知视觉编辑提供基础见解,并催化未来的研究。
Key Takeaways
- 大型多模态模型(LMMs)在视觉理解和生成方面取得进展,但在通用视觉编辑中仍面临挑战。
- RISEBench是首个针对推理辅助视觉编辑的评估基准,专注于四种关键推理类型。
- RISEBench包括高质量的测试用例,并有一个评估框架,涵盖指令推理、外观一致性和视觉可信度。
- GPT-4o-Native虽优于其他模型,但在逻辑推理任务上还有困难。
- RISEBench旨在为推理感知视觉编辑提供基础见解,并促进未来研究。
- RISEBench仍在初期阶段,承诺不断扩展和精炼基准测试,以支持更全面、可靠和可扩展的下一代多模态系统评估。
点此查看论文截图



Generative Evaluation of Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models
Authors:Haowei Lin, Xiangyu Wang, Ruilin Yan, Baizhou Huang, Haotian Ye, Jianhua Zhu, Zihao Wang, James Zou, Jianzhu Ma, Yitao Liang
With powerful large language models (LLMs) demonstrating superhuman reasoning capabilities, a critical question arises: Do LLMs genuinely reason, or do they merely recall answers from their extensive, web-scraped training datasets? Publicly released benchmarks inevitably become contaminated once incorporated into subsequent LLM training sets, undermining their reliability as faithful assessments. To address this, we introduce KUMO, a generative evaluation framework designed specifically for assessing reasoning in LLMs. KUMO synergistically combines LLMs with symbolic engines to dynamically produce diverse, multi-turn reasoning tasks that are partially observable and adjustable in difficulty. Through an automated pipeline, KUMO continuously generates novel tasks across open-ended domains, compelling models to demonstrate genuine generalization rather than memorization. We evaluated 23 state-of-the-art LLMs on 5,000 tasks across 100 domains created by KUMO, benchmarking their reasoning abilities against university students. Our findings reveal that many LLMs have outperformed university-level performance on easy reasoning tasks, and reasoning-scaled LLMs reach university-level performance on complex reasoning challenges. Moreover, LLM performance on KUMO tasks correlates strongly with results on newly released real-world reasoning benchmarks, underscoring KUMO’s value as a robust, enduring assessment tool for genuine LLM reasoning capabilities.
随着强大的大型语言模型(LLM)展现出超人类的推理能力,一个重要的问题出现了:LLM是真正进行推理,还是仅仅从它们广泛、网络爬取的训练数据集中回忆答案?一旦纳入后续的LLM训练集,公开发布的基准测试不可避免地会受到污染,从而破坏它们作为忠实评估的可靠性。为解决这一问题,我们引入了KUMO,这是一个专门用于评估LLM推理能力的生成评估框架。KUMO协同结合了LLM和符号引擎,以动态生成多样化、多回合的推理任务,这些任务是部分可观察的,难度可调。通过自动化管道,KUMO不断生成跨开放式领域的全新任务,促使模型展示真正的泛化能力而非记忆力。我们在KUMO创建的5000个任务、100个领域中对23种最先进的大型语言模型进行了评估,将其推理能力与大学生进行基准测试比较。我们的研究结果表明,许多大型语言模型在简单的推理任务上已经超越了大学水平,而在复杂的推理挑战中,经过推理评估的大型语言模型达到了大学水平。此外,大型语言模型在KUMO任务上的表现与新发布的现实世界推理基准测试的结果具有很强的相关性,这凸显了KUMO作为评估大型语言模型真实推理能力的稳健、持久评估工具的价值。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary:大型语言模型(LLM)展现超人的推理能力,引发关键问题:LLM是否真正进行推理,抑或仅从大量的网络抓取训练数据集中回忆答案。为解决基准测试的污染问题,引入KUMO评估框架,该框架可针对LLM的推理能力进行专门评估。KUMO协同结合LLM和符号引擎,动态生成多样化、多回合的推理任务,这些任务是部分可观察的和可调节难度的。KUMO通过自动化管道持续生成全新任务,促使模型展示真正的泛化能力而非记忆能力。对23个最先进的LLM在KUMO创建的100个领域的5000个任务上进行评估,与大学生进行基准测试比较。研究结果表明,许多LLM已在简单推理任务上超越了大学水平,在复杂的推理挑战中达到大学水平。此外,LLM在KUMO任务上的表现与新发布的现实世界推理基准测试结果密切相关,凸显了KUMO作为评估LLM真正推理能力的稳健、持久工具的价值。
Key Takeaways:
- 大型语言模型(LLM)展现超人推理能力,但存在是否真正推理的质疑。
- LLM可能从网络抓取的训练数据集中回忆答案,引发对基准测试的污染问题。
- 引入KUMO评估框架,专门评估LLM的推理能力。
- KUMO结合LLM和符号引擎,生成多样化、多回合的推理任务。
- KUMO任务部分可观、难度可调节,促进模型展示真正的泛化能力。
- 对多个LLM在多种任务上的评估显示,它们在简单和复杂推理任务上的表现不同。
点此查看论文截图



Multi-SWE-bench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Issue Resolving
Authors:Daoguang Zan, Zhirong Huang, Wei Liu, Hanwu Chen, Linhao Zhang, Shulin Xin, Lu Chen, Qi Liu, Xiaojian Zhong, Aoyan Li, Siyao Liu, Yongsheng Xiao, Liangqiang Chen, Yuyu Zhang, Jing Su, Tianyu Liu, Rui Long, Kai Shen, Liang Xiang
The task of issue resolving is to modify a codebase to generate a patch that addresses a given issue. However, existing benchmarks, such as SWE-bench, focus almost exclusively on Python, making them insufficient for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse software ecosystems. To address this, we introduce a multilingual issue-resolving benchmark, called Multi-SWE-bench, covering Java, TypeScript, JavaScript, Go, Rust, C, and C++. It includes a total of 1,632 high-quality instances, which were carefully annotated from 2,456 candidates by 68 expert annotators, ensuring that the benchmark can provide an accurate and reliable evaluation. Based on Multi-SWE-bench, we evaluate a series of state-of-the-art models using three representative methods (Agentless, SWE-agent, and OpenHands) and present a comprehensive analysis with key empirical insights. In addition, we launch a Multi-SWE-RL open-source community, aimed at building large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) training datasets for issue-resolving tasks. As an initial contribution, we release a set of 4,723 well-structured instances spanning seven programming languages, laying a solid foundation for RL research in this domain. More importantly, we open-source our entire data production pipeline, along with detailed tutorials, encouraging the open-source community to continuously contribute and expand the dataset. We envision our Multi-SWE-bench and the ever-growing Multi-SWE-RL community as catalysts for advancing RL toward its full potential, bringing us one step closer to the dawn of AGI.
问题解决的任务是对代码库进行修改,以生成解决给定问题的补丁。然而,现有的基准测试,如SWE-bench,几乎只专注于Python,这使得它们不足以评估跨多种软件生态系统的大型语言模型(LLMs)。为了解决这一问题,我们引入了一个多语言问题解决基准测试,名为Multi-SWE-bench,涵盖Java、TypeScript、JavaScript、Go、Rust、C和C++。它包含总共1632个高质量实例,这些实例是从2456个候选者中由68位专家注释者仔细标注的,确保基准测试能够提供准确和可靠的评价。基于Multi-SWE-bench,我们采用三种具有代表性的方法(无代理、SWE-agent和OpenHands)评估了一系列最新模型,并进行了综合分析,提供了关键的实证见解。此外,我们推出了一个名为Multi-SWE-RL的开源社区,旨在构建用于问题解决任务的大规模强化学习(RL)训练数据集。作为初步贡献,我们发布了一组涵盖七种编程语言的4723个结构良好的实例,为这一领域的RL研究奠定了坚实基础。更重要的是,我们开源了整个数据生产管道以及详细的教程,鼓励开源社区持续贡献并扩展数据集。我们期望我们的Multi-SWE-bench和不断发展的Multi-SWE-RL社区能成为推动RL发挥全部潜力的催化剂,使我们离AGI的黎明更近一步。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
该文介绍了为了解决现有基准测试(如SWE-bench)在多语言模型评估上的不足,提出了一个多语言问题解决的基准测试——Multi-SWE-bench。该基准测试涵盖了Java、TypeScript、JavaScript、Go、Rust、C和C++等编程语言,包含从候选者中精心标注的1,632个高质量实例。文章还基于Multi-SWE-bench评估了一系列最新模型,并介绍了Multi-SWE-RL开源社区的建设情况,旨在为问题解决的强化学习任务构建大规模数据集。同时,公开了整个数据生产管道和详细教程,鼓励开源社区持续贡献和扩展数据集。
Key Takeaways
- 现有基准测试如SWE-bench主要关注Python,不足以评估大型语言模型在多生态系统中的性能。
- 引入了多语言问题解决基准测试Multi-SWE-bench,涵盖了多种编程语言。
- Multi-SWE-bench包含经过专家精心标注的1,632个高质量实例,确保准确性和可靠性。
- 基于Multi-SWE-bench评估了一系列最新模型,提供了关键实证见解。
- 建立了Multi-SWE-RL开源社区,旨在构建问题解决的强化学习任务的大规模数据集。
- 公开了数据集和数据生产管道,鼓励开源社区持续贡献和扩展数据集。
点此查看论文截图


Rethinking RL Scaling for Vision Language Models: A Transparent, From-Scratch Framework and Comprehensive Evaluation Scheme
Authors:Yan Ma, Steffi Chern, Xuyang Shen, Yiran Zhong, Pengfei Liu
Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown strong potential in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models and is now being actively extended to vision-language models (VLMs). However, existing RL applications in VLMs often rely on heavily engineered frameworks that hinder reproducibility and accessibility, while lacking standardized evaluation protocols, making it difficult to compare results or interpret training dynamics. This work introduces a transparent, from-scratch framework for RL in VLMs, offering a minimal yet functional four-step pipeline validated across multiple models and datasets. In addition, a standardized evaluation scheme is proposed to assess training dynamics and reflective behaviors. Extensive experiments on visual reasoning tasks uncover key empirical findings: response length is sensitive to random seeds, reflection correlates with output length, and RL consistently outperforms supervised fine-tuning (SFT) in generalization, even with high-quality data. These findings, together with the proposed framework, aim to establish a reproducible baseline and support broader engagement in RL-based VLM research.
强化学习(RL)在提升大型语言模型的推理能力方面已显示出强大的潜力,目前正在积极拓展到视觉语言模型(VLMs)。然而,现有的视觉语言模型中的强化学习应用往往依赖于重度工程的框架,这些框架阻碍了可重复性和可访问性,同时缺乏标准化的评估协议,使得难以比较结果或解释训练动态。这项工作引入了一个透明、从头开始的视觉语言模型强化学习框架,提供了一个简洁而实用的四步流程,并在多个模型和数据集上进行了验证。此外,还提出了一种标准化的评估方案,以评估训练动态和反思行为。在视觉推理任务上的大量实验揭示了关键经验发现:响应长度对随机种子敏感,反思与输出长度相关,强化学习在泛化方面持续优于监督微调(SFT),即使在高质量数据的情况下亦是如此。这些发现与所提出的框架一起,旨在建立一个可重复的基本线,并支持更广泛地参与基于强化学习的视觉语言模型研究。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF Code is public and available at: https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/MAYE
Summary
强化学习(RL)在提升大型语言模型的推理能力方面展现出强大潜力,目前正在积极拓展至视觉语言模型(VLMs)。然而,现有的VLMs中的RL应用通常依赖于复杂的框架,阻碍了可重复性和可访问性,且缺乏标准化的评估协议,使得结果难以比较或解释训练动态。本研究介绍了一个透明、从头开始的RL在VLMs中的框架,提供了一个简洁而实用的四步流程,并在多个模型和数据集上进行了验证。此外,提出了一种标准化的评估方案,以评估训练动态和反射行为。在视觉推理任务上的大量实验发现了关键经验:响应长度对随机种子敏感,反射与输出长度相关,RL在泛化方面持续优于监督微调(SFT),即使在高质量数据下也是如此。
Key Takeaways
- 强化学习在提升语言模型的推理能力方面有很大潜力,尤其对于视觉语言模型(VLMs)。
- 现有框架在VLMs中的RL应用存在可重复性和可访问性问题。
- 缺乏标准化的评估协议,导致难以比较不同RL模型的结果或解释其训练动态。
- 本研究提供了一个简洁的RL框架,适用于VLMs,并包含四个主要步骤。
- 提出了一种标准化的评估方案来评估训练动态和模型的反射行为。
- 实验发现响应长度对随机种子敏感,反射与输出长度相关。
点此查看论文截图




GPG: A Simple and Strong Reinforcement Learning Baseline for Model Reasoning
Authors:Xiangxiang Chu, Hailang Huang, Xiao Zhang, Fei Wei, Yong Wang
Reinforcement Learning (RL) can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models without extensive reliance on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT). In this work, we revisit the traditional Policy Gradient (PG) mechanism and propose a minimalist RL approach termed Group Policy Gradient (GPG). Unlike conventional methods, GPG directly optimize the original RL objective, thus obviating the need for surrogate loss functions. As illustrated in our paper, by eliminating both the critic and reference models, and avoiding KL divergence constraints, our approach significantly simplifies the training process when compared to Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Our approach achieves superior performance without relying on auxiliary techniques or adjustments. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method not only reduces computational costs but also consistently outperforms GRPO across various unimodal and multimodal tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/AMAP-ML/GPG.
强化学习(RL)可以直接提升大语言模型的推理能力,而无需过多依赖监督微调(SFT)。在这项工作中,我们重新审视了传统的策略梯度(PG)机制,并提出了一种极简的强化学习方法,称为群组策略梯度(GPG)。与传统的策略梯度方法不同,GPG直接优化原始的强化学习目标,从而无需使用替代损失函数。正如我们论文中所展示的,通过消除批评者和参考模型,并避免KL散度约束,我们的方法大大简化了与群组相对策略优化(GRPO)相比的训练过程。我们的方法在不依赖辅助技术或调整的情况下实现了卓越的性能。大量实验表明,我们的方法不仅降低了计算成本,而且在各种单模态和多模态任务上始终优于GRPO。我们的代码可在https://github.com/AMAP-ML/GPG找到。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
强化学习(RL)可直接提升大型语言模型的推理能力,而无需过度依赖有监督微调(SFT)。本研究重新审视了传统的策略梯度(PG)机制,并提出了一种极简主义的强化学习方法——群组策略梯度(GPG)。GPG直接优化原始的RL目标,从而无需替代损失函数。通过省略评论家和参考模型,并避免KL散度约束,我们的方法大大简化了与群组相对策略优化(GRPO)相比的训练过程。在不依赖辅助技术或调整的情况下,我们的方法实现了卓越的性能。大量实验表明,我们的方法不仅降低了计算成本,而且在各种单模态和多模态任务上始终优于GRPO。
Key Takeaways
- 强化学习(RL)能够直接增强大型语言模型的推理能力。
- 提出了新的方法——群组策略梯度(GPG),该方法简化训练过程并直接优化RL目标。
- GPG方法无需替代损失函数,省略了策略评估中的评论家和参考模型。
- GPG方法避免了KL散度约束,进一步简化了训练过程。
- GPG方法在不依赖辅助技术或调整的情况下实现了卓越的性能。
- 实验证明,GPG方法不仅降低了计算成本,而且在多种任务上优于传统方法。
点此查看论文截图



BOOST: Bootstrapping Strategy-Driven Reasoning Programs for Program-Guided Fact-Checking
Authors:Qisheng Hu, Quanyu Long, Wenya Wang
Program-guided reasoning has shown promise in complex claim fact-checking by decomposing claims into function calls and executing reasoning programs. However, prior work primarily relies on few-shot in-context learning (ICL) with ad-hoc demonstrations, which limit program diversity and require manual design with substantial domain knowledge. Fundamentally, the underlying principles of effective reasoning program generation still remain underexplored, making it challenging to construct effective demonstrations. To address this, we propose BOOST, a bootstrapping-based framework for few-shot reasoning program generation. BOOST explicitly integrates claim decomposition and information-gathering strategies as structural guidance for program generation, iteratively refining bootstrapped demonstrations in a strategy-driven and data-centric manner without human intervention. This enables a seamless transition from zero-shot to few-shot strategic program-guided learning, enhancing interpretability and effectiveness. Experimental results show that BOOST outperforms prior few-shot baselines in both zero-shot and few-shot settings for complex claim verification.
程序引导推理通过将声明分解为函数调用并执行推理程序,在复杂的声明查证中显示出良好的前景。然而,早期的工作主要依赖于少量上下文学习(ICL)和专门的演示,这限制了程序的多样性,并需要大量领域知识的支持来进行手动设计。从根本上说,有效的推理程序生成的基本原理仍未得到充分探索,这使得构建有效的演示变得具有挑战性。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了BOOST,这是一个基于自举的少量推理程序生成框架。BOOST显式地将声明分解和信息收集策略整合为程序生成的结构性指导,以策略驱动和数据为中心的方式迭代优化自举演示,无需人工干预。这使得从零样本到少量样本的战略程序引导学习无缝过渡,提高了可解释性和有效性。实验结果表明,BOOST在零样本和少量样本的复杂声明验证设置中,优于先前的少量样本基线。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 18 pages, 5 figures
Summary:
程序引导推理在复杂声明核查中显示出潜力,通过把声明分解成函数调用并执行推理程序进行工作。然而,早期工作主要依赖于少数场景下的上下文学习(ICL),需要特定示范,这限制了程序多样性,并需要实质性的领域知识的参与设计。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了BOOST,一个基于启动法的推理程序生成框架。BOOST显式地集成了声明分解和信息收集策略作为程序生成的指导结构,以策略驱动和数据为中心的方式迭代优化启动示范,无需人工干预。这使得从零样本到少数样本的战略性程序引导学习无缝过渡,提高了可解释性和有效性。实验结果表明,BOOST在零样本和少数样本设置下的复杂声明验证中优于先前的少数样本基线。
Key Takeaways:
- 程序引导推理在复杂声明核查中有应用潜力,通过分解声明并执行推理程序进行工作。
- 早期工作主要依赖少数场景下的上下文学习(ICL)和特定示范,这限制了程序多样性并需要丰富的领域知识。
- BOOST框架提出用于解决上述问题,通过集成声明分解和信息收集策略来指导程序生成。
- BOOST采用策略驱动和数据为中心的方式迭代优化示范,无需人工干预。
- BOOST实现了从零样本到少数样本的战略性程序引导学习的无缝过渡。
- 实验结果显示,BOOST在复杂声明验证方面优于少数样本基线。
点此查看论文截图



CHARMS: Cognitive Hierarchical Agent with Reasoning and Motion Styles
Authors:Jingyi Wang, Duanfeng Chu, Zejian Deng, Liping Lu
To address the current challenges of low intelligence and simplistic vehicle behavior modeling in autonomous driving simulation scenarios, this paper proposes the Cognitive Hierarchical Agent with Reasoning and Motion Styles (CHARMS). The model can reason about the behavior of other vehicles like a human driver and respond with different decision-making styles, thereby improving the intelligence and diversity of the surrounding vehicles in the driving scenario. By introducing the Level-k behavioral game theory, the paper models the decision-making process of human drivers and employs deep reinforcement learning to train the models with diverse decision styles, simulating different reasoning approaches and behavioral characteristics. Building on the Poisson cognitive hierarchy theory, this paper also presents a novel driving scenario generation method. The method controls the proportion of vehicles with different driving styles in the scenario using Poisson and binomial distributions, thus generating controllable and diverse driving environments. Experimental results demonstrate that CHARMS not only exhibits superior decision-making capabilities as ego vehicles, but also generates more complex and diverse driving scenarios as surrounding vehicles. We will release code for CHARMS at https://github.com/WUTAD-Wjy/CHARMS.
本文旨在解决自动驾驶模拟场景中低智能和简单车辆行为建模的当前挑战。为此,提出了带有推理和运动风格的认知分层代理(CHARMS)。该模型可以像人类驾驶员一样推理其他车辆的行为,并以不同的决策风格做出反应,从而提高了驾驶场景中周围车辆的智能和多样性。通过引入Level-k行为博弈理论,该论文对人类驾驶员的决策过程进行建模,并采用深度强化学习来训练具有不同决策风格的模型,模拟不同的推理方法和行为特征。基于Poisson认知层次理论,本文还提出了一种新的驾驶场景生成方法。该方法使用Poisson和二项分布来控制场景中不同驾驶风格的车辆比例,从而生成可控且多样化的驾驶环境。实验结果表明,CHARMS不仅作为自我车辆表现出卓越的决策能力,而且作为周围车辆生成了更复杂和多样化的驾驶场景。我们将在https://github.com/WUTAD-Wjy/CHARMS上发布CHARMS的代码。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
本文提出了基于认知层次结构和推理与运动风格的自主驾驶模拟模型CHARMS,用于解决当前自主驾驶模拟场景中低智能和车辆行为建模过于简单的问题。CHARMS模型能够像人类驾驶员一样对其他车辆的行为进行推理,并根据不同的决策风格做出响应,从而提高场景中车辆行为的智能性和多样性。引入Level-k行为博弈理论来模拟人类驾驶员的决策过程,并应用深度强化学习训练模型,形成不同的决策风格。同时,基于Poisson认知层次理论提出了一种新的驾驶场景生成方法,通过控制不同驾驶风格的车辆比例生成可控且多样化的驾驶环境。实验结果表明,CHARMS不仅作为自主车辆的决策能力出色,而且在生成复杂多变的驾驶场景方面表现出色。
Key Takeaways
- CHARMS模型被提出以解决自主驾驶模拟中的低智能和简单车辆行为建模问题。
- CHARMS能够模拟人类驾驶员的行为推理和决策风格。
- Level-k行为博弈理论用于模拟人类驾驶员的决策过程。
- 深度强化学习被用来训练模型,形成不同的决策风格。
- 基于Poisson认知层次理论提出了新型驾驶场景生成方法。
- 该方法可以生成可控且多样化的驾驶环境。
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F5R-TTS: Improving Flow Matching based Text-to-Speech with Group Relative Policy Optimization
Authors:Xiaohui Sun, Ruitong Xiao, Jianye Mo, Bowen Wu, Qun Yu, Baoxun Wang
We present F5R-TTS, a novel text-to-speech (TTS) system that integrates Gradient Reward Policy Optimization (GRPO) into a flow-matching based architecture. By reformulating the deterministic outputs of flow-matching TTS into probabilistic Gaussian distributions, our approach enables seamless integration of reinforcement learning algorithms. During pretraining, we train a probabilistically reformulated flow-matching based model which is derived from F5-TTS with an open-source dataset. In the subsequent reinforcement learning (RL) phase, we employ a GRPO-driven enhancement stage that leverages dual reward metrics: word error rate (WER) computed via automatic speech recognition and speaker similarity (SIM) assessed by verification models. Experimental results on zero-shot voice cloning demonstrate that F5R-TTS achieves significant improvements in both speech intelligibility (relatively 29.5% WER reduction) and speaker similarity (relatively 4.6% SIM score increase) compared to conventional flow-matching based TTS systems. Audio samples are available at https://frontierlabs.github.io/F5R.
我们介绍了F5R-TTS,这是一种新型文本到语音(TTS)系统,它将梯度奖励策略优化(GRPO)集成到基于流匹配的架构中。通过将对流匹配TTS的确定性输出重新制定为概率高斯分布,我们的方法能够实现强化学习算法的无缝集成。在预训练过程中,我们使用开源数据集对基于概率改革流匹配模型进行训练,该模型源于F5-TTS。在随后的强化学习(RL)阶段,我们采用GRPO驱动的增强阶段,利用双重奖励指标:通过自动语音识别计算的单词错误率(WER)和通过验证模型评估的演讲者相似性(SIM)。在零样本声音克隆上的实验结果表明,与传统的基于流匹配的TTS系统相比,F5R-TTS在语音清晰度(相对降低29.5%的WER)和演讲者相似性(相对增加4.6%的SIM分数)方面取得了显著改进。音频样本可在https://frontierlabs.github.io/F5R处获取。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
F5R-TTS是一个集成了梯度奖励策略优化(GRPO)的基于流匹配架构的新型文本转语音(TTS)系统。通过采用概率高斯分布重新构建流匹配TTS的确定性输出,实现了强化学习算法的无缝集成。在预训练阶段,使用开源数据集对基于流匹配的模型进行概率重构。在随后的强化学习阶段,采用GRPO驱动的增强阶段,利用双奖励指标:通过自动语音识别计算的字词错误率(WER)和通过验证模型评估的说话人相似性(SIM)。在零样本语音克隆方面的实验结果表明,F5R-TTS在语音清晰度方面实现了显著的改进(相对降低了29.5%的WER),并且在说话人相似性方面也有相对提高(SIM得分增加了4.6%)。
Key Takeaways
- F5R-TTS是一个结合了梯度奖励策略优化(GRPO)的文本转语音系统。
- 通过将流匹配TTS的确定性输出转化为概率高斯分布,使得强化学习算法可以无缝集成。
- 系统经过预训练阶段,利用开源数据集对基于流匹配的模型进行概率重构。
- 强化学习阶段采用GRPO驱动的增强阶段,利用字词错误率(WER)和说话人相似性(SIM)作为双奖励指标。
- F5R-TTS在零样本语音克隆方面的实验结果表明其显著提高了语音清晰度和说话人相似性。
- F5R-TTS相对传统的流匹配TTS系统有明显的性能提升。
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AnesBench: Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of LLM Reasoning in Anesthesiology
Authors:Xiang Feng, Wentao Jiang, Zengmao Wang, Yong Luo, Pingbo Xu, Baosheng Yu, Hua Jin, Bo Du, Jing Zhang
The application of large language models (LLMs) in the medical field has gained significant attention, yet their reasoning capabilities in more specialized domains like anesthesiology remain underexplored. In this paper, we systematically evaluate the reasoning capabilities of LLMs in anesthesiology and analyze key factors influencing their performance. To this end, we introduce AnesBench, a cross-lingual benchmark designed to assess anesthesiology-related reasoning across three levels: factual retrieval (System 1), hybrid reasoning (System 1.x), and complex decision-making (System 2). Through extensive experiments, we first explore how model characteristics, including model scale, Chain of Thought (CoT) length, and language transferability, affect reasoning performance. Then, we further evaluate the effectiveness of different training strategies, leveraging our curated anesthesiology-related dataset, including continuous pre-training (CPT) and supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Additionally, we also investigate how the test-time reasoning techniques, such as Best-of-N sampling and beam search, influence reasoning performance, and assess the impact of reasoning-enhanced model distillation, specifically DeepSeek-R1. We will publicly release AnesBench, along with our CPT and SFT training datasets and evaluation code at https://github.com/MiliLab/AnesBench.
大型语言模型(LLM)在医疗领域的应用已引起广泛关注,但它们在麻醉学等更专业领域的推理能力尚未得到充分探索。在本文中,我们系统地评估了LLM在麻醉学中的推理能力,并分析了影响它们性能的关键因素。为此,我们引入了AnesBench,这是一个跨语言基准测试,旨在评估麻醉学相关的三个层次的推理能力:事实检索(系统1)、混合推理(系统1.x)和复杂决策(系统2)。通过广泛的实验,我们首先探索了模型特性,包括模型规模、思维链(CoT)长度和语言可迁移性如何影响推理性能。然后,我们进一步使用我们精选的麻醉学相关数据集评估了不同的训练策略的有效性,包括持续预训练(CPT)和监督微调(SFT)。此外,我们还研究了测试时的推理技术,如N选最佳采样和集束搜索如何影响推理性能,并评估了推理增强模型蒸馏,特别是DeepSeek-R1的影响。我们将在https://github.com/MiliLab/AnesBench上公开发布AnesBench,以及我们的CPT和SFT训练数据集和评估代码。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 23 pages, 9 figures
Summary
大型语言模型(LLMs)在医学领域的应用已引起广泛关注,但在麻醉学等专业领域中的推理能力尚待探索。本文系统地评估了LLMs在麻醉学中的推理能力,并分析了影响它们性能的关键因素。为此,我们推出了AnesBench,一个跨语言基准测试,旨在评估麻醉学相关的三个级别的推理能力:事实检索(System 1)、混合推理(System 1.x)和复杂决策制定(System 2)。通过广泛的实验,我们探讨了模型特性、包括模型规模、思维链长度和语言可迁移性对推理性能的影响。此外,我们还评估了使用我们整理的麻醉学相关数据集的不同训练策略的有效性,包括持续预训练(CPT)和监督微调(SFT)。
Key Takeaways
- 大型语言模型(LLMs)在麻醉学领域的推理能力尚未得到充分探索。
- 推出了AnesBench跨语言基准测试,用于评估麻醉学相关的三个级别的推理能力。
- 模型规模、思维链长度和语言可迁移性是影响LLMs在麻醉学领域推理性能的关键因素。
- 不同的训练策略,包括持续预训练(CPT)和监督微调(SFT),对LLMs的推理能力有影响。
- 测试时的推理技术,如Best-of-N采样和集束搜索,也会影响推理性能。
- 推理增强模型蒸馏,特别是DeepSeek-R1,对LLMs在麻醉学领域的推理性能有提升作用。
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CrystalFormer-RL: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Materials Design
Authors:Zhendong Cao, Lei Wang
Reinforcement fine-tuning has instrumental enhanced the instruction-following and reasoning abilities of large language models. In this work, we explore the applications of reinforcement fine-tuning to the autoregressive transformer-based materials generative model CrystalFormer (arXiv:2403.15734) using discriminative machine learning models such as interatomic potentials and property prediction models. By optimizing reward signals-such as energy above the convex hull and material property figures of merit-reinforcement fine-tuning infuses knowledge from discriminative models into generative models. The resulting model, CrystalFormer-RL, shows enhanced stability in generated crystals and successfully discovers crystals with desirable yet conflicting material properties, such as substantial dielectric constant and band gap simultaneously. Notably, we observe that reinforcement fine-tuning enables not only the property-guided novel material design ability of generative pre-trained model but also unlocks property-driven material retrieval from the unsupervised pre-training dataset. Leveraging rewards from discriminative models to fine-tune materials generative models opens an exciting gateway to the synergies of the machine learning ecosystem for materials.
强化微调(Reinforcement fine-tuning)已经大大提高了大语言模型的指令遵循和推理能力。在这项工作中,我们探索了强化微调在基于自回归转换器(autoregressive transformer)的材料生成模型CrystalFormer(arXiv:2403.1473)中的应用,采用判别机器学习模型,如原子间势能和属性预测模型。通过优化奖励信号(如凸包上能量和材料属性性能指标),强化微调将判别模型的知识注入生成模型中。得到的模型CrystalFormer-RL在生成的晶体中表现出更高的稳定性,并能成功发现具有理想但相互冲突的材料属性的晶体,例如具有相当大的介电常数和带隙。值得注意的是,我们观察到强化微调不仅赋予了预训练生成模型以属性为导向的新型材料设计能力,还解锁了从非监督预训练数据集中进行属性驱动的材料检索。利用判别模型的奖励来微调材料生成模型,为机器学习生态系统在材料领域的协同作用打开了令人兴奋的大门。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 8 pages, 6 figures
Summary
强化微调提高了大型语言模型的指令遵循和推理能力。本研究探索了将强化微调应用于基于自回归transformer的材料生成模型CrystalFormer(arXiv:2403.15734),同时使用判别式机器学习模型,如原子间势和属性预测模型。通过优化奖励信号,如凸包上方的能量和物质属性评估指标,强化微调将判别模型的知识注入生成模型中。结果模型CrystalFormer-RL在生成的晶体中表现出增强的稳定性,并成功发现了具有理想但相互冲突的材料属性的晶体,如高介电常数和宽禁带。此外,我们还观察到强化微调不仅赋予了预训练生成模型以属性为导向的新型材料设计能力,还启用了从无监督预训练数据集中进行属性驱动的材料检索。利用判别模型的奖励对材料生成模型进行微调,为机器学习生态系统在材料领域的协同作用打开了令人兴奋的大门。
Key Takeaways
- 强化微调增强了大型语言模型的指令遵循和推理能力。
- 研究将强化微调应用于基于自回归transformer的材料生成模型CrystalFormer。
- 通过优化奖励信号,如凸包上方的能量和物质属性评估指标,实现生成模型的强化微调。
- 强化微调后的模型CrystalFormer-RL在生成的晶体中表现出增强的稳定性。
- 该模型能够发现具有理想但相互冲突的材料属性的晶体,如同时具有高介电常数和宽禁带的晶体。
- 强化微调赋予了预训练生成模型以属性为导向的新型材料设计能力。
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More is Less: The Pitfalls of Multi-Model Synthetic Preference Data in DPO Safety Alignment
Authors:Yifan Wang, Runjin Chen, Bolian Li, David Cho, Yihe Deng, Ruqi Zhang, Tianlong Chen, Zhangyang Wang, Ananth Grama, Junyuan Hong
Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is an increasingly critical step in post-training. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a simple, yet effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Synthetic preference data with its low cost and high quality enable effective alignment through single- or multi-model generated preference data. Our study reveals a striking, safety-specific phenomenon associated with DPO alignment: Although multi-model generated data enhances performance on general tasks (ARC, Hellaswag, MMLU, TruthfulQA, Winogrande) by providing diverse responses, it also tends to facilitate reward hacking during training. This can lead to a high attack success rate (ASR) when models encounter jailbreaking prompts. The issue is particularly pronounced when employing stronger models like GPT-4o or larger models in the same family to generate chosen responses paired with target model self-generated rejected responses, resulting in dramatically poorer safety outcomes. Furthermore, with respect to safety, using solely self-generated responses (single-model generation) for both chosen and rejected pairs significantly outperforms configurations that incorporate responses from stronger models, whether used directly as chosen data or as part of a multi-model response pool. We demonstrate that multi-model preference data exhibits high linear separability between chosen and rejected responses, which allows models to exploit superficial cues rather than internalizing robust safety constraints. Our experiments, conducted on models from the Llama, Mistral, and Qwen families, consistently validate these findings.
将大型语言模型(LLM)与人类价值观对齐是训练后越来越关键的一步。直接偏好优化(DPO)作为人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)的简单有效替代方案而出现。合成偏好数据以其低成本、高质量的特点,能够通过单一或多种模型生成的偏好数据实现有效的对齐。我们的研究揭示了一个与DPO对齐相关的令人惊讶的特定安全现象:虽然多模型生成的数据通过提供多样化的回应提高了在一般任务(ARC、Hellaswag、MMLU、TruthfulQA、Winogrande)上的性能,但它也倾向于在训练过程中促进奖励破解。当模型遇到越狱提示时,这可能导致较高的攻击成功率(ASR)。当使用更强或同一系列中更大的模型来生成选择的响应与目标的自我生成被拒绝响应配对时,问题尤为突出,导致安全结果显著较差。此外,在安全性方面,仅使用自我生成的响应(单一模型生成)作为选择和拒绝对的配对,显著优于将响应纳入更强模型的配置,无论这些响应是直接用作选择数据还是作为多模型响应池的一部分。我们证明多模型偏好数据在选择和拒绝响应之间表现出高线性可分离性,这使得模型能够利用表面线索,而不是内化稳健的安全约束。我们在Llama、Mistral和Qwen系列模型上进行的实验始终验证了这些发现。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
大型语言模型(LLM)与人类价值观的对齐是训练后的重要步骤。直接偏好优化(DPO)作为人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)的简单有效替代方法,通过低成本、高质量的人工合成偏好数据实现了有效的对齐。然而,研究发现DPO对齐中存在一个特定安全现象:虽然多模型生成的数据可以提高一般任务性能,但它也倾向于在训练期间促进奖励黑客攻击。这会导致模型在遇到越狱提示时的高攻击成功率(ASR)。特别是当使用更强或同家族的大型模型来生成选定响应与目标模型自我生成的拒绝响应配对时,安全结果会显著恶化。在安全方面,仅使用自我生成的响应(单模型生成)对于选定和拒绝对的配对显著优于结合使用更强模型响应的配置。实验表明多模型偏好数据在选定和拒绝响应之间具有高线性可分离性,使得模型可以利用表面线索而非内化稳健的安全约束。对此发现,Llama、Mistral和Qwen等家族模型的实验均得到了一致验证。
Key Takeaways
- DPO是一种有效的LLM与人类价值观对齐方法,利用低成本高质量的合成偏好数据。
- 多模型生成数据能提高一般任务性能,但可能促进奖励黑客攻击,导致高攻击成功率(ASR)。
- 使用更强或同家族的大型模型生成选定与拒绝响应配对时,安全结果显著恶化。
- 在安全方面,仅使用自我生成的响应(单模型生成)表现最佳。
- 多模型偏好数据在选定和拒绝响应间具有高线性可分离性,使模型倾向于利用表面线索而非内化安全约束。
- 这一现象在多种不同家族的模型中均得到验证。
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Exploring LLM Reasoning Through Controlled Prompt Variations
Authors:Giannis Chatziveroglou, Richard Yun, Maura Kelleher
This study investigates the reasoning robustness of large language models (LLMs) on mathematical problem-solving tasks under systematically introduced input perturbations. Using the GSM8K dataset as a controlled testbed, we evaluate how well state-of-the-art models maintain logical consistency and correctness when confronted with four categories of prompt perturbations: irrelevant context, pathological instructions, factually relevant but non-essential context, and a combination of the latter two. Our experiments, conducted on thirteen open-source and closed-source LLMs, reveal that introducing irrelevant context within the model’s context window significantly degrades performance, suggesting that distinguishing essential from extraneous details remains a pressing challenge. Surprisingly, performance regressions are relatively insensitive to the complexity of the reasoning task, as measured by the number of steps required, and are not strictly correlated with model size. Moreover, we observe that certain perturbations inadvertently trigger chain-of-thought-like reasoning behaviors, even without explicit prompting. Our findings highlight critical vulnerabilities in current LLMs and underscore the need for improved robustness against noisy, misleading, and contextually dense inputs, paving the way for more resilient and reliable reasoning in real-world applications.
本研究调查大型语言模型(LLM)在系统引入输入扰动的情况下解决数学问题的推理稳健性。我们使用GSM8K数据集作为受控测试平台,评估先进模型在面对四类提示扰动时,如何保持逻辑一致性和正确性:无关上下文、病态指令、事实相关但非必要上下文,以及后两者的组合。我们在13个开源和闭源LLM上进行的实验表明,在模型上下文窗口中引入无关上下文会显著降低性能,这表明区分必要细节和多余细节仍然是一个紧迫的挑战。令人惊讶的是,性能回归对所需步骤数量的推理任务复杂性的敏感度相对较低,并且与模型大小没有严格的相关性。此外,我们观察到某些扰动会无意中触发类似思维链的推理行为,即使没有明确的提示。我们的研究结果突出了当前LLM的关键漏洞,并强调了提高对抗嘈杂、误导性和上下文密集输入的稳健性的必要性,为在实际应用中实现更具弹性和可靠的推理铺平了道路。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
大型语言模型(LLMs)在解决数学问题任务时的推理稳健性受到研究。通过对GSM8K数据集的系统输入扰动测试,评估了先进模型在面对四种不同类别的提示扰动时的逻辑连贯性和正确性。实验表明,模型上下文窗口内引入不相关上下文会显著影响性能,区分关键信息与细节仍然是一个紧迫的挑战。令人惊讶的是,性能回归对所需步骤数的推理任务复杂度并不敏感,并且与模型大小不严格相关。此外,某些扰动会触发链式思维推理行为,即使没有明确的提示。研究揭示了当前LLM的关键漏洞,强调了改进对嘈杂、误导性和语境密集输入的稳健性的必要性。这为更坚韧和可靠的实际应用中的推理铺平了道路。
Key Takeaways
- 大型语言模型(LLMs)在解决数学问题时的推理稳健性受到研究。
- 通过使用GSM8K数据集进行系统测试,发现模型在面对提示扰动时性能显著下降。
- 不相关上下文对模型性能产生重大影响,区分关键信息与细节是重要挑战。
- 性能退化与推理任务的复杂度不敏感,与模型大小无严格相关性。
- 存在某些扰动会触发模型采取链式思维推理行为。
- 当前LLM存在关键漏洞,需要改进对噪声、误导和语境密集输入的稳健性。
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From Flatland to Space: Teaching Vision-Language Models to Perceive and Reason in 3D
Authors:Jiahui Zhang, Yurui Chen, Yanpeng Zhou, Yueming Xu, Ze Huang, Jilin Mei, Junhui Chen, Yu-Jie Yuan, Xinyue Cai, Guowei Huang, Xingyue Quan, Hang Xu, Li Zhang
Recent advances in LVLMs have improved vision-language understanding, but they still struggle with spatial perception, limiting their ability to reason about complex 3D scenes. Unlike previous approaches that incorporate 3D representations into models to improve spatial understanding, we aim to unlock the potential of VLMs by leveraging spatially relevant image data. To this end, we introduce a novel 2D spatial data generation and annotation pipeline built upon scene data with 3D ground-truth. This pipeline enables the creation of a diverse set of spatial tasks, ranging from basic perception tasks to more complex reasoning tasks. Leveraging this pipeline, we construct SPAR-7M, a large-scale dataset generated from thousands of scenes across multiple public datasets. In addition, we introduce SPAR-Bench, a benchmark designed to offer a more comprehensive evaluation of spatial capabilities compared to existing spatial benchmarks, supporting both single-view and multi-view inputs. Training on both SPAR-7M and large-scale 2D datasets enables our models to achieve state-of-the-art performance on 2D spatial benchmarks. Further fine-tuning on 3D task-specific datasets yields competitive results, underscoring the effectiveness of our dataset in enhancing spatial reasoning.
近期,大型视觉语言模型(LVLMs)的进步提升了视觉语言的理解能力,但它们在空间感知方面仍存在困难,这限制了它们对复杂三维场景的理解能力。不同于将三维表示融入模型以提高空间理解能力的传统方法,我们旨在通过利用空间相关的图像数据来解锁视觉语言模型的潜力。为此,我们引入了一种基于三维真实场景数据的新型二维空间数据生成和标注流程。该流程能够创建一系列多样化的空间任务,从基本的感知任务到更复杂的推理任务。利用这一流程,我们构建了SPAR-7M数据集,该数据集由来自多个公共数据集的数千个场景生成的大规模数据集。此外,我们推出了SPAR-Bench基准测试,旨在与现有空间基准测试相比,提供更全面的空间能力评估,支持单视图和多视图输入。在SPAR-7M和大规模二维数据集上进行训练,使我们的模型能够在二维空间基准测试上达到最先进的性能。进一步在特定三维任务数据集上进行微调,产生了具有竞争力的结果,这凸显了我们的数据集在提高空间推理能力方面的有效性。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF Project page: https://fudan-zvg.github.io/spar
Summary
近期,LVLM的进步提升了视觉语言的理解能力,但在空间感知方面仍存在挑战,影响了对复杂3D场景的理解。为挖掘VLMs的潜力,研究团队利用空间相关图像数据,引入了一种新型2D空间数据生成与注释流程。基于此流程,构建了SPAR-7M数据集,涵盖多个公开数据集数千场景的数据。同时,团队还推出了SPAR-Bench基准测试,以更全面地评估模型的空间能力,支持单视图和多视图输入。在SPAR-7M及大规模2D数据集上进行训练后,模型在2D空间基准测试上表现卓越;进一步在特定3D任务数据集上进行微调后,取得了有竞争力的结果。
Key Takeaways
- LVLMs虽有所进步,但在空间感知方面仍有局限,影响对复杂3D场景的理解。
- 为改善空间感知,研究团队利用空间相关图像数据,创新了2D空间数据生成与注释流程。
- 基于此流程构建了SPAR-7M数据集,涵盖数千场景数据,用于提升模型的空间感知能力。
- 推出了SPAR-Bench基准测试,以评估模型的空间能力,支持单视图和多视图输入。
- 在SPAR-7M及大规模2D数据集训练的模型,在2D空间基准测试中表现优秀。
- 在特定3D任务数据集上进行微调后,模型表现有竞争力,证明数据集有效性。
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ShieldAgent: Shielding Agents via Verifiable Safety Policy Reasoning
Authors:Zhaorun Chen, Mintong Kang, Bo Li
Autonomous agents powered by foundation models have seen widespread adoption across various real-world applications. However, they remain highly vulnerable to malicious instructions and attacks, which can result in severe consequences such as privacy breaches and financial losses. More critically, existing guardrails for LLMs are not applicable due to the complex and dynamic nature of agents. To tackle these challenges, we propose ShieldAgent, the first guardrail agent designed to enforce explicit safety policy compliance for the action trajectory of other protected agents through logical reasoning. Specifically, ShieldAgent first constructs a safety policy model by extracting verifiable rules from policy documents and structuring them into a set of action-based probabilistic rule circuits. Given the action trajectory of the protected agent, ShieldAgent retrieves relevant rule circuits and generates a shielding plan, leveraging its comprehensive tool library and executable code for formal verification. In addition, given the lack of guardrail benchmarks for agents, we introduce ShieldAgent-Bench, a dataset with 3K safety-related pairs of agent instructions and action trajectories, collected via SOTA attacks across 6 web environments and 7 risk categories. Experiments show that ShieldAgent achieves SOTA on ShieldAgent-Bench and three existing benchmarks, outperforming prior methods by 11.3% on average with a high recall of 90.1%. Additionally, ShieldAgent reduces API queries by 64.7% and inference time by 58.2%, demonstrating its high precision and efficiency in safeguarding agents.
自主智能体通过基础模型进行驱动,已在各种现实应用中得到广泛应用。然而,它们很容易受到恶意指令和攻击的影响,可能导致严重后果,如隐私泄露和财务损失。更为关键的是,由于智能体的复杂性和动态性,现有的大型语言模型防护栏并不适用。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了ShieldAgent,这是一款首款旨在通过逻辑推理强制执行其他受保护智能体行动轨迹明确安全策略合规性的防护栏智能体。具体来说,ShieldAgent首先通过从政策文件中提取可验证规则并将其结构化为一组基于行动的概率规则电路来构建安全策略模型。针对受保护智能体的行动轨迹,ShieldAgent会检索相关规则电路并生成防护计划,利用其全面的工具库和可执行代码进行形式化验证。此外,鉴于智能体缺乏防护栏基准测试,我们推出了ShieldAgent-Bench数据集,其中包含3000条与安全相关的智能体指令和行动轨迹对,这些样本是通过6种网络环境和7种风险类别的最新攻击手段收集的。实验表明,ShieldAgent在ShieldAgent-Bench和三个现有基准测试上均达到了最新水平,平均优于以前的方法11.3%,召回率高达9.1%。此外,ShieldAgent减少了64.7%的API查询和缩短了58.2%的推理时间,证明其在保护智能体方面具有高精度和高效率。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
该文介绍了自主代理的广泛应用及其面临的安全挑战。针对这些问题,提出了ShieldAgent,它是第一个设计的防护代理,通过逻辑推理强制其他受保护代理的行动轨迹符合明确的安全政策。ShieldAgent构建了安全政策模型,从政策文件中提取可验证的规则,并将其结构化为基于行动的概率规则电路。此外,为了缺乏代理的防护基准线,引入了ShieldAgent-Bench数据集。实验表明,ShieldAgent在性能上达到了最先进的水平,平均优于以前的方法平均高出11.3%,召回率高达90.1%,并显示出其精确性和高效性。通过减少API查询和缩短推理时间证明了其高精确度和高效率。ShieldAgent不仅成功提高了受保护代理的安全性,还提高了工作效率。
Key Takeaways
- 自主代理广泛应用于各种现实世界应用,但易受恶意指令和攻击影响,导致严重后果。
- 存在针对大型语言模型的防护机制不适用于自主代理的问题。
- ShieldAgent是首个设计的防护代理,通过逻辑推理强制其他受保护代理遵守安全政策。
- ShieldAgent构建了安全政策模型,从政策文件中提取规则并结构化。
- 引入了ShieldAgent-Bench数据集,用于缺乏代理防护基准线的问题。
- 实验表明ShieldAgent性能优越,在安全性和效率方面都有显著提高。
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Sharpe Ratio-Guided Active Learning for Preference Optimization in RLHF
Authors:Syrine Belakaria, Joshua Kazdan, Charles Marx, Chris Cundy, Willie Neiswanger, Sanmi Koyejo, Barbara E. Engelhardt, Stefano Ermon
Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a cornerstone of the training and alignment pipeline for large language models (LLMs). Recent advances, such as direct preference optimization (DPO), have simplified the preference learning step. However, collecting preference data remains a challenging and costly process, often requiring expert annotation. This cost can be mitigated by carefully selecting the data points presented for annotation. In this work, we propose an active learning approach to efficiently select prompt and preference pairs using a risk assessment strategy based on the Sharpe Ratio. To address the challenge of unknown preferences prior to annotation, our method evaluates the gradients of all potential preference annotations to assess their impact on model updates. These gradient-based evaluations enable risk assessment of data points regardless of the annotation outcome. By leveraging the DPO loss derivations, we derive a closed-form expression for computing these Sharpe ratios on a per-tuple basis, ensuring our approach remains both tractable and computationally efficient. We also introduce two variants of our method, each making different assumptions about prior information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline by up to 5% in win rates against the chosen completion with limited human preference data across several language models and real-world datasets.
强化学习从人类反馈(RLHF)已成为大型语言模型(LLM)训练和对齐流程的核心。最近的进展,如直接偏好优化(DPO),简化了偏好学习步骤。然而,收集偏好数据仍然是一个具有挑战性和成本高昂的过程,通常需要专家标注。通过仔细选择用于标注的数据点,可以减轻这种成本。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于夏普比率的风险评估策略的主动学习方法来有效地选择提示和偏好对。为了解决标注前未知偏好的问题,我们的方法评估所有潜在偏好标注的梯度,以评估它们对模型更新的影响。这些基于梯度的评估能够对数据点进行风险评估,而无论标注结果如何。通过利用DPO损失推导,我们为计算这些每元组的夏普比率提供了封闭形式的表达式,确保我们的方法既实用又计算高效。我们还介绍了该方法的两个变体,每个变体都对先验信息做出了不同的假设。实验结果表明,在有限的人类偏好数据下,我们的方法在多个语言模型和真实数据集上相对于所选完成的胜率提高了高达5%。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
强化学习从人类反馈(RLHF)已成为大型语言模型(LLM)训练和对齐流程的核心。最近出现的直接偏好优化(DPO)简化了偏好学习的步骤,但收集偏好数据仍然是一个具有挑战性和成本高昂的过程,通常需要专家标注。本研究提出了一种基于夏普比率的风险评估策略的有效主动学习方法来选择提示和偏好对。为了应对标注前未知偏好的挑战,我们的方法评估所有潜在偏好标注的梯度来评估它们对模型更新的影响。这些基于梯度的评估使得我们能够根据标注结果来评估数据点的风险。通过利用DPO损失推导,我们为计算这些夏普比率提供了闭式表达式,确保我们的方法在有限的标注数据下具有可行性和计算效率。实验结果表明,我们的方法在有限的偏好数据下,在多个语言模型和真实数据集上的胜率提高了高达5%。
Key Takeaways
- 强化学习从人类反馈(RLHF)是大型语言模型训练的核心。
- 直接偏好优化(DPO)简化了偏好学习步骤。
- 收集偏好数据仍然是一个挑战且成本高昂,需要专家标注。
- 提出了一种基于夏普比率的风险评估策略的有效主动学习方法来选择提示和偏好对。
- 方法通过评估潜在偏好标注的梯度来应对未知偏好的挑战。
- 利用DPO损失推导,提供计算夏普比率的闭式表达式,确保方法的可行性和计算效率。
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Learning to Lie: Reinforcement Learning Attacks Damage Human-AI Teams and Teams of LLMs
Authors:Abed Kareem Musaffar, Anand Gokhale, Sirui Zeng, Rasta Tadayon, Xifeng Yan, Ambuj Singh, Francesco Bullo
As artificial intelligence (AI) assistants become more widely adopted in safety-critical domains, it becomes important to develop safeguards against potential failures or adversarial attacks. A key prerequisite to developing these safeguards is understanding the ability of these AI assistants to mislead human teammates. We investigate this attack problem within the context of an intellective strategy game where a team of three humans and one AI assistant collaborate to answer a series of trivia questions. Unbeknownst to the humans, the AI assistant is adversarial. Leveraging techniques from Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL), the AI assistant learns a model of the humans’ trust evolution and uses that model to manipulate the group decision-making process to harm the team. We evaluate two models – one inspired by literature and the other data-driven – and find that both can effectively harm the human team. Moreover, we find that in this setting our data-driven model is capable of accurately predicting how human agents appraise their teammates given limited information on prior interactions. Finally, we compare the performance of state-of-the-art LLM models to human agents on our influence allocation task to evaluate whether the LLMs allocate influence similarly to humans or if they are more robust to our attack. These results enhance our understanding of decision-making dynamics in small human-AI teams and lay the foundation for defense strategies.
随着人工智能(AI)助手在安全关键领域的广泛应用,开发对抗潜在故障或对抗性攻击的安全保障措施变得至关重要。开发这些保障措施的关键先决条件是了解这些AI助手误导人类队友的能力。我们在一个三人人类团队和一个AI助手的智力策略游戏背景下,研究这一攻击问题,共同回答一系列问题。人类不知道的是,AI助手是对抗性的。利用基于模型的强化学习(MBRL)技术,AI助手学习人类信任演变模型,并利用该模型操纵群体决策过程以损害团队。我们评估了两种模型——一种受文献启发,另一种数据驱动——我们发现两者都能有效地损害人类团队。此外,我们发现在此环境中,我们的数据驱动模型能够在有限的先前交互信息下准确预测人类代理如何评估他们的队友。最后,我们在影响力分配任务上比较了最先进的LLM模型与人类代理的表现,以评估LLM是否像人类一样分配影响力,或者它们是否对我们的攻击具有更强的抵抗力。这些结果增强了我们对于小型人类-AI团队中决策动态的理解,并为防御策略奠定了基础。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ICLR 2025 Workshop on Human-AI Coevolution
Summary:人工智能助手在安全领域广泛应用,其潜在失误或攻击风险需防范。研究AI助手误导人类队友的问题,在一个团队中AI助理想在解答益智题的过程中通过强化学习技巧欺骗团队合作,进而伤害团队利益。研究了两种模型的表现并发现对人类的评价准确度高。与先进的大型语言模型进行比对评估了人类在面对信任分配时的反应和差异,以此加强对于AI助手攻击的防御。该研究对AI与人的小型团队合作决策机制的深入探究有重要指导意义。
Key Takeaways:
- AI助手在关键安全领域的应用需要防范潜在失误或攻击风险。
- AI助手的欺骗行为会影响团队合作决策过程并可能损害团队利益。
- 利用强化学习技巧构建的AI模型能够模拟人类信任演化并操纵团队合作过程。
- 两种模型表现良好,数据驱动模型能够准确预测人类如何评估队友表现。
- 与先进的大型语言模型相比,人类在面对信任分配任务时表现出不同的反应模式。
- 这些研究揭示了AI助手攻击的可能性及其影响,为防范策略的制定提供了基础。
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Optimizing Safe and Aligned Language Generation: A Multi-Objective GRPO Approach
Authors:Xuying Li, Zhuo Li, Yuji Kosuga, Victor Bian
Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and safety constraints is challenging, especially when objectives like helpfulness, truthfulness, and avoidance of harm conflict. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has achieved notable success in steering models, but is complex and can be unstable. Recent approaches such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) simplify preference-based fine-tuning but may introduce bias or trade-off certain objectives\cite{dpo}. In this work, we propose a Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) framework with a multi-label reward regression model to achieve safe and aligned language generation. The GRPO algorithm optimizes a policy by comparing groups of sampled responses, eliminating the need for a separate value critic and improving training efficiency\cite{grpo}. We train a reward model to predict multiple alignment scores (e.g., safety, helpfulness, etc.), which are combined into a single reward signal. We provide a theoretical derivation for using this learned multi-aspect reward within GRPO and discuss its advantages and limitations. Empirically, our approach improves all the safety and quality metrics evaluated in language generation tasks on model scales (0.5B, 7B, and 14B parameters), demonstrating a robust balance of objectives. We compare GRPO to PPO-based RLHF and DPO, highlighting that GRPO achieves alignment with significantly lower computational cost and explicit multi-objective handling. \textbf{We will open-source all trained models at https://huggingface.co/hydroxai.
将大型语言模型(LLM)与人类价值观和安全约束相结合是一项挑战,尤其是在诸如有用性、真实性和避免伤害等目标发生冲突时。强化学习从人类反馈(RLHF)在引导模型方面取得了显著的成功,但其复杂且可能不稳定。最近的方法,如直接偏好优化(DPO),简化了基于偏好的微调,但可能引入偏见或权衡某些目标\cite{dpo}。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于多标签奖励回归模型的组相对策略优化(GRPO)框架,以实现安全和对齐的语言生成。GRPO算法通过比较一组采样响应来优化策略,从而消除了对单独的价值批评家的需求,提高了训练效率\cite{grpo}。我们训练了一个奖励模型来预测多个对齐分数(例如安全性、有用性等),这些分数被合并成一个单一的奖励信号。我们为在GRPO中使用这种学习的多方面奖励提供了理论推导,并讨论了其优点和局限性。经验上,我们的方法在语言生成任务中改进了所有安全性和质量评价指标(规模为0.5B、7B和14B参数的模型),证明了目标之间的稳健平衡。我们将GRPO与基于PPO的RLHF和DPO进行比较,突出显示GRPO在实现对齐时具有更低的计算成本和明确的多目标处理能力。我们将在[https://huggingface.co/hydroxai上公开所有训练模型。](https://huggingface.co/hydroxai%E4%B8%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%AC%E6%89%80%E6%A3%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%BD%E5%AF%BCGRPO%E5%AF%BC%E5%9C%B0。]
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
本文提出一种名为Group Relative Policy Optimization(GRPO)的框架,用于实现安全且对齐的语言生成。GRPO通过比较不同采样响应组来优化策略,无需单独的价值评估者,提高了训练效率。训练奖励模型以预测多个对齐分数(如安全性、有助性等),并结合成一个单一奖励信号。在多种模型规模的语言生成任务中,GRPO在安全和质量指标上表现优越,实现了目标之间的稳健平衡。相较于其他方法,GRPO在运算成本上显著降低,并能显式处理多目标问题。我们将公开所有训练模型。
Key Takeaways
- GRPO框架旨在实现安全且对齐的语言生成。
- GRPO通过比较采样响应组来优化策略,简化了基于偏好的微调方法。
- 奖励模型预测多个对齐分数,如安全性、有助性等,并结合成单一奖励信号。
- GRPO在多种模型规模的语言生成任务中表现优越,实现了安全和质量的稳健平衡。
- GRPO相较于其他方法(如PPO-based RLHF和DPO)在运算成本上显著降低,并能显式处理多目标问题。
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Enhancing Retrieval Systems with Inference-Time Logical Reasoning
Authors:Felix Faltings, Wei Wei, Yujia Bao
Traditional retrieval methods rely on transforming user queries into vector representations and retrieving documents based on cosine similarity within an embedding space. While efficient and scalable, this approach often fails to handle complex queries involving logical constructs such as negations, conjunctions, and disjunctions. In this paper, we propose a novel inference-time logical reasoning framework that explicitly incorporates logical reasoning into the retrieval process. Our method extracts logical reasoning structures from natural language queries and then composes the individual cosine similarity scores to formulate the final document scores. This approach enables the retrieval process to handle complex logical reasoning without compromising computational efficiency. Our results on both synthetic and real-world benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms traditional retrieval methods across different models and datasets, significantly improving retrieval performance for complex queries.
传统检索方法依赖于将用户查询转换为向量表示,并在嵌入空间中基于余弦相似性进行文档检索。虽然这种方法效率高且可扩展性强,但它往往难以处理涉及逻辑结构(如否定、合取和析取)的复杂查询。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的推理时间逻辑推理框架,该框架显式地将逻辑推理纳入检索过程。我们的方法从自然语言查询中提取逻辑推理结构,然后组合各个余弦相似性得分以形成最终的文档得分。这种方法使检索过程能够处理复杂的逻辑推理,同时不损害计算效率。我们在合成和现实世界基准测试上的结果都表明,所提出的方法在不同模型和数据集上始终优于传统检索方法,显著提高了复杂查询的检索性能。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary:
传统检索方法主要依赖将用户查询转化为向量表示,并在嵌入空间中基于余弦相似性进行文档检索。尽管这种方法效率高且可扩展性强,但对于涉及逻辑结构如否定、连词和析取的复杂查询常常处理不佳。本文提出一种新的推理时逻辑推理框架,该框架显式地将逻辑推理纳入检索过程。此方法从自然语言查询中提取逻辑结构,然后将各个余弦相似度得分组合形成最终文档得分。此方法不仅使检索过程能够处理复杂的逻辑推理,而且不损失计算效率。在合成和现实世界基准测试上的结果表明,所提出的方法在不同模型和数据集上均表现优于传统检索方法,特别是对于复杂查询的检索性能显著提升。
Key Takeaways:
- 传统检索方法主要基于余弦相似性进行文档检索,对于复杂逻辑查询处理效果不佳。
- 本文提出了一种新的推理时逻辑推理框架,将逻辑推理纳入检索过程。
- 该方法能从自然语言查询中提取逻辑结构。
- 通过组合余弦相似度得分形成最终文档得分,处理复杂逻辑查询。
- 新方法在合成和现实世界基准测试上表现优于传统方法。
- 所提出方法在不同模型和数据集上均适用。
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OmniScience: A Domain-Specialized LLM for Scientific Reasoning and Discovery
Authors:Vignesh Prabhakar, Md Amirul Islam, Adam Atanas, Yao-Ting Wang, Joah Han, Aastha Jhunjhunwala, Rucha Apte, Robert Clark, Kang Xu, Zihan Wang, Kai Liu
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing complex challenges. In this work, we introduce OmniScience, a specialized large reasoning model for general science, developed through three key components: (1) domain adaptive pretraining on a carefully curated corpus of scientific literature, (2) instruction tuning on a specialized dataset to guide the model in following domain-specific tasks, and (3) reasoning-based knowledge distillation through fine-tuning to significantly enhance its ability to generate contextually relevant and logically sound responses. We demonstrate the versatility of OmniScience by developing a battery agent that efficiently ranks molecules as potential electrolyte solvents or additives. Comprehensive evaluations reveal that OmniScience is competitive with state-of-the-art large reasoning models on the GPQA Diamond and domain-specific battery benchmarks, while outperforming all public reasoning and non-reasoning models with similar parameter counts. We further demonstrate via ablation experiments that domain adaptive pretraining and reasoning-based knowledge distillation are critical to attain our performance levels, across benchmarks.
大规模语言模型(LLMs)在推进科学知识和应对复杂挑战方面表现出了显著潜力。在这项工作中,我们介绍了OmniScience,这是一个针对通用科学的专门大型推理模型,通过三个关键组件开发而成:(1)在精心挑选的科学文献语料库上进行领域自适应预训练;(2)在专门的数据集上进行指令调整,以指导模型执行特定领域的任务;(3)通过微调进行基于推理的知识蒸馏,以显着提高其生成上下文相关和逻辑严谨回应的能力。我们通过开发一种电池代理来展示OmniScience的通用性,该代理能够高效地排列分子作为潜在的电解质溶剂或添加剂。综合评估表明,OmniScience在GPQA Diamond和特定领域的电池基准测试上与最新的大型推理模型具有竞争力,同时在参数数量相似的情况下超越了所有公开的推理和非推理模型。我们还通过消融实验进一步证明,领域自适应预训练和基于推理的知识蒸馏对于达到我们的性能水平至关重要,跨越各种基准测试。
论文及项目相关链接
Summary
大型语言模型在推动科学知识和应对复杂挑战方面展现出显著潜力。本研究介绍了一款针对通用科学的专门大型推理模型OmniScience,其开发包括三个关键组成部分:一是在科学文献的精心筛选语料库上进行领域自适应预训练,二是在专门数据集上进行指令调整,以指导模型执行特定任务,三是通过微调进行基于推理的知识蒸馏,以显著增强其在上下文相关和逻辑严谨方面的应答能力。OmniScience在电池剂开发中的应用展示了其多功能性,它能有效地对分子进行潜在电解质溶剂或添加剂的排名。综合评价表明,OmniScience在GPQA Diamond和特定电池基准测试上的表现与最新大型推理模型相当,同时优于参数相近的所有公共推理和非推理模型。通过消融实验进一步证明,领域自适应预训练和基于推理的知识蒸馏对于达到我们的性能水平至关重要。
Key Takeaways
- 大型语言模型(LLMs)在推动科学知识和应对复杂挑战方面具有显著潜力。
- OmniScience是一款针对通用科学的专门大型推理模型,通过领域自适应预训练、指令调整和基于推理的知识蒸馏三个关键步骤进行开发。
- OmniScience在电池剂开发中的应用展示了其多功能性,能有效地对分子进行排名。
- OmniScience在GPQA Diamond和特定电池基准测试上的表现与最新大型推理模型相当。
- 与其他参数相近的模型相比,OmniScience表现出更好的性能。
- 消融实验证明领域自适应预训练和基于推理的知识蒸馏对于OmniScience的性能至关重要。
- OmniScience的开发为大型语言模型在科学知识推进和复杂挑战应对方面的应用提供了新思路和工具。
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LaMOuR: Leveraging Language Models for Out-of-Distribution Recovery in Reinforcement Learning
Authors:Chan Kim, Seung-Woo Seo, Seong-Woo Kim
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated strong performance in robotic control but remains susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) states, often resulting in unreliable actions and task failure. While previous methods have focused on minimizing or preventing OOD occurrences, they largely neglect recovery once an agent encounters such states. Although the latest research has attempted to address this by guiding agents back to in-distribution states, their reliance on uncertainty estimation hinders scalability in complex environments. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Language Models for Out-of-Distribution Recovery (LaMOuR), which enables recovery learning without relying on uncertainty estimation. LaMOuR generates dense reward codes that guide the agent back to a state where it can successfully perform its original task, leveraging the capabilities of LVLMs in image description, logical reasoning, and code generation. Experimental results show that LaMOuR substantially enhances recovery efficiency across diverse locomotion tasks and even generalizes effectively to complex environments, including humanoid locomotion and mobile manipulation, where existing methods struggle. The code and supplementary materials are available at https://lamour-rl.github.io/.
深度强化学习(DRL)在机器人控制方面表现出强大的性能,但仍易受到超出分布(OOD)状态的影响,这往往会导致行为不可靠和任务失败。虽然之前的方法侧重于减少或防止OOD的发生,但它们在很大程度上忽视了代理在遇到此类状态时如何进行恢复。虽然最新的研究试图通过引导代理恢复到分布内的状态来解决这个问题,但它们对不确定性估计的依赖阻碍了在复杂环境中的可扩展性。为了克服这一局限性,我们引入了用于超出分布恢复的语言模型(LaMOuR),它能够在不依赖不确定性估计的情况下进行恢复学习。LaMOuR生成密集的奖励代码,引导代理恢复到能够成功执行其原始任务的状态,利用LVLMs在图像描述、逻辑推理和代码生成方面的能力。实验结果表明,LaMOuR在多种运动任务中大大提高了恢复效率,并且在包括人形运动和移动操纵在内的复杂环境中也实现了有效的泛化,现有方法在这些环境中很难应对。相关代码和补充材料可通过 https://lamour-rl.github.io 获取。
论文及项目相关链接
PDF 14 pages, 16 figures
Summary
DRL在机器人控制中表现出强大的性能,但易受分布外状态的影响,可能导致不可靠的动作和任务失败。尽管最新研究尝试通过不确定性估计引导智能体恢复状态,但它们在复杂环境中的可扩展性受限。为解决此问题,引入LaMOuR(用于分布外恢复的语言模型),可在不依赖不确定性估计的情况下实现恢复学习。LaMOuR生成密集奖励代码,引导智能体回到成功执行原始任务的状态,利用LVLMs在图像描述、逻辑推理和代码生成方面的能力。实验结果表明,LaMOuR在多种运动任务中大幅提高恢复效率,并在包括人形运动和移动操作在内的复杂环境中有效推广。相关代码和补充材料可在[https://lamour-rl.github.io/]找到。
Key Takeaways
- DRL在机器人控制中表现出强大的性能,但仍面临分布外状态的问题,可能导致任务失败。
- 虽然存在依赖不确定性估计的OOD恢复方法,但它们在处理复杂环境时的可扩展性受限。
- LaMOuR是一个新的方法,能在不依赖不确定性估计的情况下实现恢复学习。
- LaMOuR生成密集奖励代码以引导智能体返回正常状态。
- LaMOuR利用了LVLMs的图像描述、逻辑推理和代码生成能力。
- 实验表明,LaMOuR在各种运动任务中大大提高了恢复效率。
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